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Topic 1 of 3Cambridge A Levels

Language Analysis

Analysing writers' techniques and their effects

Language analysis examines *how* a writer uses words and *why*.


Tone = writer's attitude (angry, hopeful, sarcastic). Mood = feeling created in the reader. Register = level of formality. Always ask: Who is writing? To whom? What should the reader feel?


Rhetorical Devices:

  • Metaphor: "Life is a journey" (IS, not like)
  • Simile: comparing using *like* or *as*
  • Alliteration: repeated consonant sounds
  • Hyperbole: exaggeration for effect
  • Rhetorical question: doesn't need an answer
  • Rule of three: three parallel items for rhythm

  • When identifying a device, always explain its effect — just naming it isn't enough.


    Comparing Texts: Consider purpose, audience, tone, structure, language. Use: "whereas", "in contrast", "similarly".


    Directed Writing: Adopt a specific **form** (letter, speech, article), match the **audience**, use appropriate **register**. Plan with **FAP**: Form, Audience, Purpose.

    Key Points to Remember

    • 1Analyse tone, mood, and register
    • 2Identify rhetorical devices
    • 3Compare texts from different genres
    • 4Write directed writing responses

    Pakistan Example

    Cricket Commentary — Rhetorical Devices Live in Action

    When a commentator calls Babar Azam 'a machine of precision, a wall bowlers cannot crack' — that's metaphor and hyperbole. 'Karachi is on fire tonight!' creates vivid imagery. Analysing commentary for tone, register, and devices is perfect A Level practice.

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